{"id":560,"date":"2013-04-29T11:15:57","date_gmt":"2013-04-29T05:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/?p=560"},"modified":"2015-07-20T21:21:06","modified_gmt":"2015-07-20T16:21:06","slug":"mullard-%d0%b4%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%bd-%d0%b8%d0%b7-%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bf%d1%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/mullard-%d0%b4%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%bd-%d0%b8%d0%b7-%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bf%d1%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"Mullard &#8212; \u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1920-1940<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u00a0Stanley R. Mullard \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 1919 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00a0Z Electric Lamp Co (Southfields), \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432 (\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430). \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0421\u0442\u044d\u043d\u043b\u0438,\u00a0 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c Mullard.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Mullard-xmitter.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-562 alignleft\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Mullard-xmitter-157x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mullard-xmitter\" width=\"157\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Mullard-xmitter-157x300.jpg 157w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Mullard-xmitter.jpg 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 157px) 100vw, 157px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Pip-top-final.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-563\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Pip-top-final-155x300.jpg\" alt=\"Pip-top-final\" width=\"155\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Pip-top-final-155x300.jpg 155w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Pip-top-final.jpg 310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u044d\u043d\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e Z Electric Lamp Co, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u00a0 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e Mullard Radio Valve Co. Ltd ( \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 Z Electric Lamp Co, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 Hammersmith). \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Mullard \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 Nightingale Lane, Balham, SW12 \u0432 1922 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f.<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/youtu.be\/piNNv9K9nU4<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 1922 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 Mullard \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 (BBC &#8212; British Broadcasting Company Ltd), \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043a 1924 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 Mullard \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 Mullard Radio Valve Co. Ltd \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Philips Gloeilampenfabriken \u0438\u0437\u00a0 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 Eindhoven.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/4215A-03.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-564\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/4215A-03-136x300.jpg\" alt=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" width=\"136\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/4215A-03-136x300.jpg 136w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/4215A-03.jpg 273w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 136px) 100vw, 136px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/LF-GR-1.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-565\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/LF-GR-1-126x300.jpg\" alt=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" width=\"126\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/LF-GR-1-126x300.jpg 126w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/LF-GR-1.jpg 253w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041a 1923 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b 4 \u0448\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 4 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e 2 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e 6 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Philips \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e &#171;Azide&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b (\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u0410\u043d\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f (Azide &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430).<\/p>\n<h3>1925-1926<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-01.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-566\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-01-159x300.jpg\" alt=\"PM3-01\" width=\"159\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-01-159x300.jpg 159w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-01.jpg 319w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 159px) 100vw, 159px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-0221.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-567\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-0221-194x300.jpg\" alt=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" width=\"194\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-0221-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-0221.jpg 389w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1925-base01.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-568\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1925-base01-300x293.jpg\" alt=\"PM3-1925-base01\" width=\"300\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1925-base01-300x293.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1925-base01.jpg 614w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>PM3 \u0438\u00a0 PM4 &#8212; \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 1925 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0423 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0446\u043e\u0432-\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 (\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435).<\/p>\n<h3>1926-1927<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1926-base01.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-569\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1926-base01-255x300.jpg\" alt=\"PM3-1926-base01\" width=\"255\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1926-base01-255x300.jpg 255w, https:\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/PM3-1926-base01.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<h3>1927-1930<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 1927 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f BBC \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c BVA \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0445 Mullard.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/bbc001.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-570\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/bbc001.gif\" alt=\"bbc001\" width=\"148\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/bva01.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-571\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/bva01.gif\" alt=\"bva01\" width=\"198\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/bva-base-01.gif\" rel=\"lightbox[560]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-572\" src=\"\/\/cubozoa.ru\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/bva-base-01.gif\" alt=\"bva-base-01\" width=\"191\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0441 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0432\u043e\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0410\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (BVA) \u0432 1926 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<h2>1940 &#8212; 1980<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 1957 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Philips-Mullard \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e (MRAO) \u0432 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u041a\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430. \u0412 1966 Mullard \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0430 (MSSL) \u0432\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0433, \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430.Mullard \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00a0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432 1967 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00a0The Z Electric Lamp Co. \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u043e 1970-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432 Thornton Heath \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u043e\u043d, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0440\u0435\u0439, \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 1970-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423 Mullard \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u041b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0432 2004 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b\u00a0 Fleetwood (\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0432 1979) \u0438 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-Annes Lytham (\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0432 1972). \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0425\u0435\u0439\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0432 1981 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Philips \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443 Mullard \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e 1988 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. Mullard Research Laboratories \u0432 Redhill, Surrey \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b Philips Research Laboratories. \u0412 2007 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 Mullard \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Sovtek, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b\u00a0 ECC83 \u0438 EL34.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1920-1940 \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u00a0Stanley R. Mullard \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 1919 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00a0Z Electric Lamp Co (Southfields), \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f 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